Bronchorrhea

Bronchorrhea is the production of more than 100 mL per day of watery sputum ^[1]. Chronic bronchitis is a common cause, but it may also be caused by asthma ^[2], bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cancer, scorpion sting, organophosphate and other poisonings. Massive bronchorrhea may occur in either bronchioloalveolar cancer, or in metastatic cancer that is growing in a bronchioloalveolar pattern^[1][3][4].

Additional recommended knowledge

Essential Laboratory Skills Guide

Daily Sensitivity Test

Don't let static charges disrupt your weighing accuracy

Treatment

Treatment options include

• gefitinib - epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor ^{[5][6][7][8][9]}
• indomethacin ^[10][11][12]
• corticosteroids ^[13]
• octreotide ^[14]
• radiation therapy ^[15]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Lembo T, Donnelly T (1995). "A case of pancreatic carcinoma causing massive bronchial fluid production and electrolyte abnormalities". Chest 108 (4): 1161-3. PMID 7555132.
2. ^ Shimura S, Sasaki T, Sasaki H, Takishima T (1988). "Chemical properties of bronchorrhea sputum in bronchial asthma". Chest 94 (6): 1211-5. PMID 2903819.
3. ^ Shimura S, Takishima T (1994). "Bronchorrhea from diffuse lymphangitic metastasis of colon carcinoma to the lung". Chest 105 (1): 308-10. PMID 8275762.
4. ^ Mito K, Yamakami Y, Kashima K, Mizunoe S, Tokimatsu I, Ichimiya T, Hiramatsu K, Nagai H, Kadota J, Nasu M (2002). "[A case of suspected lung metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma with bronchorrhea similar to bronchioloalveolar carcinoma]". Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 40 (8): 666-70. PMID 12428395.
5. ^ Kitazaki T, Soda H, Doi S, Nakano H, Nakamura Y, Kohno S (2005). "Gefitinib inhibits MUC5AC synthesis in mucin-secreting non-small cell lung cancer cells". Lung Cancer 50 (1): 19-24. PMID 16009452.
6. ^ Kitazaki T, Fukuda M, Soda H, Kohno S (2005). "Novel effects of gefitinib on mucin production in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma; two case reports". Lung Cancer 49 (1): 125-8. PMID 15949598.
7. ^ Milton D, Kris M, Gomez J, Feinstein M (2005). "Prompt control of bronchorrhea in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma treated with gefitinib (Iressa)". Support Care Cancer 13 (1): 70-2. PMID 15558327.
8. ^ (2003) "Successful treatment of persistent bronchorrhea by gefitinib in a case with Recurrent Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma: a case report". World J Surg Oncol 1 (1): 8. PMID 12917017.
9. ^ Yano S, Kanematsu T, Miki T, Aono Y, Azuma M, Yamamoto A, Uehara H, Sone S (2003). "A report of two bronchioloalveolar carcinoma cases which were rapidly improved by treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor[[ ZD1839 ("Iressa") |journal]]=Cancer Sci" 94 (5): 453-8. PMID 12824893.
10. ^ Tamaoki J, Kohri K, Isono K, Nagai A (2000). "Inhaled indomethacin in bronchorrhea in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: role of cyclooxygenase". Chest 117 (4): 1213-4. PMID 10767270.
11. ^ Homma S, Kawabata M, Kishi K, Tsuboi E, Narui K, Nakatani T, Nakata K (1999). "Successful treatment of refractory bronchorrhea by inhaled indomethacin in two patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma". Chest 115 (5): 1465-8. PMID 10334175.
12. ^ Tamaoki J, Chiyotani A, Kobayashi K, Sakai N, Kanemura T, Takizawa T (1992). "Effect of indomethacin on bronchorrhea in patients with chronic bronchitis, diffuse panbronchiolitis, or bronchiectasis". Am Rev Respir Dis 145 (3): 548-52. PMID 1546834.
13. ^ Nakajima T, Terashima T, Nishida J, Onoda M, Koide O (2002). "Treatment of bronchorrhea by corticosteroids in a case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma producing CA19-9". Intern Med 41 (3): 225-8. PMID 11929186.
14. ^ Hudson E, Lester J, Attanoos R, Linnane S, Byrne A (2006). "Successful treatment of bronchorrhea with octreotide in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung". J Pain Symptom Manage 32 (3): 200-2. PMID 16939841.
15. ^ Krawtz S, Mehta A, Vijayakumar S, Stoller J (1988). "Palliation of massive bronchorrhea". Chest 94 (6): 1313-4. PMID 2461277.