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Bone mineral densityA bone mineral density (BMD) test, also called a bone mass measurement, is used to measure bone density and determine fracture risk for osteoporosis. It may also be used to determine how effective an osteoporosis treatment is. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends BMD testing for the following individuals [1]:
While there are many different types of BMD tests, all are non-invasive. Most tests differ in which bones are measured to determine the BMD result. These tests include:
The test works by measuring a specific bone or bones, usually the spine, hip, and wrist. The density of these bones is then compared with an average index based on age, sex, and size. The resulting comparison is used to determine risk for fractures and the stage of osteoporosis in an individual. Average bone mineral density = BMC / W [g/cm²]
Additional recommended knowledge
InterpretationResults are generally scored by two measures, the T-score and the Z-score. Scores indicate the amount one's bone mineral density varies from the mean. Negative scores indicate lower bone density, and positive scores indicate higher. T-scoreThe T-score is a comparison of a patient's BMD to that of a healthy thirty-year-old of the same sex and ethnicity. This value is used in post-menopausal women and men over aged 50 because it better predicts risk of future fracture.[citation needed] The criteria of the World Health Organization are[1]:
Z-scoreThe Z-score is the number of standard deviations a patient's BMD differ from the average BMD of their age, sex, and ethnicity. This value is used in premenopausal women, men under the age of 50, and in children.[citation needed] References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Bone_mineral_density". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |