Bog spavin

Bog Spavin is a swelling of the tibiotarsal joint of the horse's hock which, in itself, does not cause lameness. The joint becomes distended by excess synovial fluid bringing about a soft, fluctuant swelling on the front of the joint, as well as the inside and outside.

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Causes of Bog Spavin

Bog spavin is a symptom, and does not directly create lameness. Causes include synovitis (inflammation of the lining of the joint capsule), degenerative joint disease, or excessive strain of the joint capsule. In horses younger than the age of three, most cases of bog spavin are caused by a defect in the tibiotarsal joint, while in older, fully-mature horses, it is most likely because of chronic strain of the joint capsule.

Many horses with bog spavin will not be lame. However, bog spavin can be a sign that the horse has joint disease, which is a very significant finding. Usually lameness will occur if the workload of the horse is increased. Bog spavin should not be treated lightly, and it is best if a veterinarian examine the horse to find the cause, even if the horse does not appear lame.

Unlike bone spavin, bog spavin does not show any changes to the bone itself. For this reason it is considered to be of no interest to those studying animal paleopathology (Baker and Brothwell, 1980).

Management of Bog Spavin

A veterinarian will usually radiograph the hocks of the horse to check for bony changes as it is important to address the underlying cause of the joint distension. If the bog spavin is drained then it will simply refill unless the underlying cause has healed or been treated. In many cases it may be difficult achieve resolution of the distension. Treatment may involve injection of corticosteroids or hyaluronan into the joint and some cases may require arthroscopic surgery. Rest or controlled exercise is often indicated.

Additional Notes

The tibiotarsal joint may also been known as the tarsocrural joint.

Sources

Baker, J, and Brothwell, D. 1980. "Animal Diseases in Archaeology". London: Academic Press.

King, Christine, BVSc, MACVSc, and Mansmann, Richard, VDM, PhD. 1997. "Equine Lameness." Equine Research, Inc. Pages 835-836.