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Bladder exstrophy
Bladder exstrophy, more properly, the exstrophy-epispadias complex is a rare congenital anomality occurring once every 40,000-50,000 live births with a 2:1 male:female ratio. The diagnosis involves a spectrum of anomalies of the lower abdominal wall, bladder, anterior bony pelvis, and external genitalia. It occurs due to failure of the abdominal wall to close during fetal development and results in protrusion of the posterior bladder wall through the lower abdominal wall. Treatment is with surgical correction of the defect, but patients can still have long term issues with urinary tract infections and sexual dysfunction. Additional recommended knowledge
PathogenesisThe cause of bladder exstrophy is maldevelopment of the lower abdominal wall, leading to a rupture which causes the bladder to communicate with the amniotic fluid. Spectrum of anomaliesThe typical manifestation of exstrophy-epispadias complex is
The spectrum of disease extends from spade penis and epispadias on one hand, to exstrophy with cloaca (also known as cloacal exstrophy). TreatmentModern therapy is aimed at surgical reconstruction of the bladder and genitalia PrognosisEven with successful surgery, patients may have long-term problems with[1]
References
Categories: Diseases | Urology | Congenital disorders |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Bladder_exstrophy". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |