Bicarbonate buffering system

The Bicarbonate buffering system is the most important buffer solution for maintaining a relatively constant pH in the plasma.

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It functions via blood buffering with bicarbonate. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase maintains the equilibrium between bicarbonate and H₂CO₃. This is, in turn, converted into carbon dioxide and water.

v • d • e Urinary system, physiology: renal physiology and acid base physiology
Filtration	Renal blood flow - Ultrafiltration - Countercurrent exchange
Hormones affecting filtration	Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Aldosterone - Atrial natriuretic peptide
Secretion/clearance	Pharmacokinetics - Clearance of medications
Reabsorption	Solvent drag -Na⁺ - Cl^- -urea -glucose -oligopeptides -protein
Endocrine	Renin - Erythropoietin (EPO) - Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) - Prostaglandins
Assessing Renal function / Measures of dialysis	Glomerular filtration rate - Creatinine clearance - Renal clearance ratio - Urea reduction ratio - Kt/V - Standardized Kt/V - Hemodialysis product - PAH clearance (Effective renal plasma flow - Extraction ratio)
Acid base physiology	Fluid balance - Darrow Yannet diagram - Body water - Interstitial fluid - Extracellular fluid - Intracellular fluid/Cytosol - Plasma - Transcellular fluid - Base excess - Davenport diagram - Anion gap - Arterial blood gas
Buffering/compensation	Bicarbonate buffering system - Respiratory compensation - Renal compensation