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BBCH-scale (weed)



The BBCH-scale (weed) identifies the phenological development stages of weed species. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.

D = Dicotyledons
G = Gramineae
M = Monocotyledons
P = Perennial plants
V = Development from vegetative parts or propagated organs
No code letter is used if the description applies to all groups of plants.

Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of weeds
Code Plant type Description
Principal growth stage 0: Germination, sprouting, bud development
00 Dry seed
V Perennating or reproductive organs during the resting period (tuber, rhizome, bulb, stolon)
P Winter dormancy or resting period
01 Beginning of seed imbibition
P, V Beginning of bud swelling
03 Seed imbibition complete
P, V End of bud swelling
05 Radicle (root) emerged from seed
V Perennating or reproductive organs forming roots
06 Elongation of radicle, formation of root hairs and/or lateral roots
07 G Coleoptile emerged from caryopsis
D, M Hypocotyl with cotyledons or shoot breaking through seed coat
P, V Beginning of sprouting or bud breaking
08 D Hypocotyl with cotyledons or shoot growing towards soil surface
V Shoot growing towards soil surface
09 G Emergence: Coleoptile breaks through soil surface
D, M Emergence: Cotyledons break through soil surface (except hypogeal germination);
V Emergence: Shoot/Leaf breaks through soil surface
P Buds show green tips
Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development (main shoot)
10 G, M First true leaf emerged from coleoptile
D Cotyledons completely unfolded
P First leaves separated
11 First true leaf, leaf pair or whorl unfolded
P First leaves unfolded
12 2 true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded
13 3 true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded
1 . Stages continuous till ...
19 9 or more true leaves, leaf pairs or whorls unfolded
Principal growth stage 2: Formation of side shoots / tillering
21 First side shoot visible
G First tiller visible
22 2 side shoots visible
G 2 tillers visible
23 3 side shoots visible
G 3 tillers visible
2 . Stages continuous till ...
29 9 or more side shoots visible
G 9 or more tillers visible
Principal growth stage 3: Stem elongation /shoot development (main shoot)
30 Beginning of stem elongation
G Beginning of shooting
31 1 visibly extended internode
G 1 node stage
32 2 visibly extended internode;
G 2 node stage
33 3 visibly extended internode
G 3 node stage
3 . Stages continuous till ...
39 9 or more visibly extended internodes
G 9 or more nodes
Principal growth stage 4: vegetative propagation / booting (main shoot)
40 V Vegetative reproductive organs begin to develop (rhizomes, stolons, tubers, runners, bulbs)
41 G Flag leaf sheath extending
42 V First young plant visible
43 G Flag leaf sheath just visibly swollen (mid-boot)
45 G Flag leaf sheath swollen (late-boot)
47 G Flag leaf sheath opening
49 V Constant new development of young plants; vegetative reproductive organs reach final size
G First awns visible
Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence (main shoot) / heading
51 Inflorescence or flower buds visible
G Beginning of heading
55 First individual flowers visible (still closed)
G Half of inflorescence emerged (middle of heading)
59 First flower petals visible (in petalled forms)
G Inflorescence fully emerged (end of heading)
Principal growth stage 6: Flowering (main shoot)
60 First flowers open (sporadically)
61 Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open
63 30% of flowers open
65 Full flowering: 50% of flowers open, first petals may be fallen
67 Flowering finishing: majority of petals fallen or dry
69 End of flowering: fruit set visible
Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruit
71 Fruits begin to develop
G Caryopsis watery ripe
79 Nearly all fruits have reached final size normal for the species and location
Principal growth stage 8: Ripening or maturity of fruit and seed
81 Beginning of ripening or fruit coloration
89 Fully ripe
Principal growth stage 9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy
97 End of leaf fall, plants or above ground parts dead or dormant;
P, V Plant resting or dormant

References

Hess, M.; G. Barralis, H. Bleiholder, L. Buhr, Th. Eggers, H. Hack, R. Stauss (1997). "Use of the extended BBCH-scale - general for the description of the growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous weed species.". Weed Research in press.

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "BBCH-scale_(weed)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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