Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of rice
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Code
| Description
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Principal growth stage 0: Germination
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00 | Dry seed (caryopsis)
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01 | Beginning of seed imbibition
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03 | Seed imbibition complete (pigeon breast)
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05 | Radicle emerged from caryopsis
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06 | Radicle elongated, root hairs and/or side roots visible
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07 | Coleoptile emerged from caryopsis (in water-rice this stage occurs before stage 05)
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09 | Imperfect leaf emerges (still rolled) at the tip of the coleoptile
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Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development1, 2
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10 | Imperfect leaf unrolled, tip of first true leaf visible
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11 | First leaf unfolded
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12 | 2 leaves unfolded
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13 | 3 leaves unfolded
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1 . | Stages continuous till . . .
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19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded
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Principal growth stage 2: Tillering3
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21 | Beginning of tillering: first tiller detectable
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22 | 2 tillers detectable
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23 | 3 tillers detectable
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2 . | Stages continuous till ...
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29 | Maximum number of tillers detectable
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Principal growth stage 3: Stem elongation3
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30 | Panicle initiation or green ring stage: chlorophyll accumulates in the stem tissue, forming a green ring
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32 | Panicle formation: panicle 1–2 mm in length
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34 | Internode elongation or jointing stage: internodes begin to elongate, panicle more than 2 mm long (variety-dependent)
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37 | Flag leaf just visible, still rolled, panicle moving upwards
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39 | Flag leaf stage: flag leaf unfolded, collar regions (auricle and ligule) of flag leaf and penultimate leaf aligned (pre-boot stage)
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Principal growth stage 4: Booting
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41 | Early boot stage: upper part of stem slightly thickened, sheath of flag leaf about 5 cm out of penultimate leaf sheath
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43 | Mid boot stage: sheath of flag leaf 5–10 cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath
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45 | Late boot stage: flag leaf sheath swollen, sheath of flag leaf more than 10 cm out of penultimate leaf sheath
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47 | Flag leaf sheath opening
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49 | Flag leaf sheath open
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Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence, heading4
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51 | Beginning of panicle emergence: tip of inflorescence emerged from sheath
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52 | 20% of panicle emerged
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53 | 30% of panicle emerged
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54 | 40% of panicle emerged
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55 | Middle of panicle emergence: neck node still in sheath
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56 | 60% of panicle emerged
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57 | 70% of panicle emerged
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58 | 80% of panicle emerged
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59 | End of panicle emergence: neck node level with the flag leaf auricle, anthers not yet visible
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Principal growth stage 6: Flowering, anthesis
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61 | Beginning of flowering: anthers visible at top of panicle
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65 | Full flowering: anthers visible on most spikelets
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69 | End of flowering: all spikelets have completed flowering but some dehydrated anthers may remain
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Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruit
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71 | Watery ripe: first grains have reached half their final size
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73 | Early milk
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75 | Medium milk: grain content milky
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77 | Late milk
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Principal growth stage 8: Ripening
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83 | Early dough
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85 | Soft dough: grain content soft but dry, fingernail impression not held, grains and glumes still green
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87 | Hard dough: grain content solid, fingernail impression held
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89 | Fully ripe: grain hard, difficult to divide with thumbnail
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Principal growth stage 9: Senescence
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92 | Over-ripe: grain very hard, cannot be dented by thumbnail
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97 | Plant dead and collapsing
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99 | Harvested product
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1 A leaf is unfolded when its ligule is visible or the tip of the next leaf is visible
2 Tillering or stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 13; in this case continue with stages 21 or 30
3 If stem elongation begins before the end of tillering continue with stage 30
4 Flowering usually starts before stage 55; continue with principal stage 6