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BBCH-scale (citrus)




The BBCH-scale (citrus) identifies the phenological development stages of the citrus plant. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.

A downloadable version [1] of the BBCH Scales, including illustrations, is available from the BBA [2] (Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry)

Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of citrus
Code Description
Principal growth stage 0: Sprouting/Bud development
00 Dormancy: leaf and inflorescence buds undifferentiated, closed and covered by green scales
01 Beginning of bud swelling
03 End of bud swelling: green scales slightly separated
07 Beginning of bud burst
09 Green leaf tips visible
Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development
10 First leaves separating: green scales slightly open, leaves emerging
11 First leaves visible1
15 More leaves visible, not yet at full size
19 First leaves fully expanded
Principal growth stage 3: Shoot development
31 Beginning of shoot growth: axes of developing shoots visible
32 Shoots about 20% of final length
39 Shoots about 90% of final length
Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence
51 Inflorescence buds swelling: buds closed, light green scales visible
53 Bud burst: scales separated, floral tips visible
55 Flowers visible, still closed (green bud), borne on single or multiflowered leafy or leafless inflorescences
56 Flower petals elongating; sepals covering half corolla (white bud)
57 Sepals open: petal tips visible; flowers with white or purplish petals, still closed
59 Most flowers with petals forming a hollow ball
Principal growth stage 6: Flowering
60 First flowers open
61 Beginning of flowering: about 10% of flowers open
65 Full flowering: 50% of flowers open; first petals falling
67 Flowers fading: majority of petals fallen
69 End of flowering: all petals fallen
Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruit
71 Fruit set; beginning of ovary growth; beginning of fruitlets abscission
72 Green fruit surrounded by sepal crown
73 Some fruits slightly yellow: beginning of physiological fruit drop
74 Fruits about 40% of final size. Dark green fruit: end of physiological fruit drop
79 Fruits about 90% of final size
Principal growth stage 8: Maturity of fruit
81 Beginning of fruit colouring (colour-break)
83 Fruit ripe for picking; fruit has not yet developed variety-specific colour
85 Advanced ripening; increase in intensity of variety-specific colour
89 Fruit ripe for consumption; fruit has typical taste and firmness; beginning of senescence and fruit abscission
Principal growth stage 9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy
91 Shoot growth complete; foliage fully green
93 Beginning of senescense and abscission of old leaves
97 Winter dormancy period

1 In Citrus the term “visible” replaces “unfolded” used for other fruit species. Leaf unfolding takes place precociously in citrus

References

Agusti, M.; S. Zaragoza, H. Bleiholder, L. Buhr, H. Hack, R. Klose, R. Stauss (1995). "Escala BBCH para la descripción de los estadios fenológicos del desarrollo de los agrios (Gén. Citrus)". Levante Agricola 3: 189-199.

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "BBCH-scale_(citrus)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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