Arthralgia

Arthralgia (from Greek arthro-, joint + -algos, pain) literally means joint pain; ^[1][2] it is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses -- in particular arthritis-- or an allergic reaction to medication.^[3]

According to MeSH, the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory.^[4]

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Diagnosis and Causes

Diagnosis involves interviewing the patient and performing physical exams. When attempting to establish the cause of the arthralgia, the emphasis is on the interview ^[2]. The patient is asked questions intended to narrow the number of potential causes. Given the varied nature of these possible causes, the questions may strike the uninitiated as irrelevant. For example the patient may be asked about dry mouth, light sensitivity, rashes or a history of seizures.^{[2] [5]} Answering yes or no to any of these questions limits the number of possible causes and guides the doctor toward the appropriate exams and lab tests.

The causes of arthralgia are varied and range from, a joints perspective, degenerative and destructive processes such as osteoarthritis and sports injuries to inflammation of tissues surrounding the joints (e.g. bursitis, a painful inflammation of bursa, fluid filled sacks around the joints). ^[6]

Treatment

Treatment depends on specific underlying cause. The underlying cause will be treated first and foremost. The treatments may include joint replacement surgery, for severely damaged joints, immunosuppressants for immune system dysfunction, antibiotics when an infection is the cause, and discontinuing medication when an allergic reaction is the cause. When treating the primary cause, pain management may still play a role in treatment. The extent of its role varies depending on the specific cause of the arthralgia. Pain management may include stretching exercises, over the counter pain medications, prescription pain medication, or other treatments deemed appropriate for the symptoms.

Associated Conditions

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Atypical pneumonia
• Behçet's disease
• Celiac disease or Coeliac disease
• Chikungunya
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Community-acquired pneumonia
• Crohn's disease
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Fibromyalgia
• Hemochromatosis
• Hyperimmunoglobinemia D with recurrent fever
• Hypothyroidism
• Kawasaki disease
• Lupus erythematosus
• Lyme disease
• Malaria
• Neutrophil granulocyte
• Pharyngitis
• Pneumonia
• Sarcoidosis
• Sjögren's syndrome
• Takayasu's arteritis
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Trichinosis
• Scleroderma
• ADHD
• Hypermobility syndrome
• Morgellons disease
• Hepatitis
• Whipple disease
• Waldenström macroglobulinemia
• Multiple myeloma
• Rheumatic Fever
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Ulcerative Colitis

See also

References

acquired deformities of fingers and toes (Boutonniere deformity, Bunion, Hallux rigidus, Hallux varus, Hammer toe) - other acquired deformities of limbs (Valgus deformity, Varus deformity, Wrist drop, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot, Unequal leg length, Winged scapula)

patella (Luxating patella, Chondromalacia patellae)

synovium and tendon: Synovitis - Tenosynovitis (Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome)

bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric)

fibroblastic (Dupuytren's contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis)

enthesopathies (Iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, Patellar tendinitis, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow, Metatarsalgia, Bone spur, Tendinitis)