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Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline (or Amitryptyline) hydrochloride (sold as Elavil, Tryptanol, Endep, Elatrol, Tryptizol, Trepiline, Laroxyl) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug. It is a white, odorless (but tastes like licorice), crystalline compound which is freely soluble in water; it is usually dispensed in tablet form. In terms of its mechanism of action, amitriptyline inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake almost equally. Additional recommended knowledge
UsesApprovedAmitriptyline is approved most commonly for the treatment of depression (clinical/endogenous depression, also involutional melancholia 'depression of late life', which is no longer seen as a disease in its own right). Adult typical dosages are 25 to 150 mg daily, with half this initially for elderly or adolescents. It may also be used to treat nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting). Children between the ages of 7 to 10 years having a dose of 10 to 20 mg, older children 25 to 50 mg at night. It should be gradually withdrawn at the end of the course, which overall should be of no more than 3 months.[1] In some European countries it is also officially approved as a preventative (prophylaxis) for patients with frequent/chronic migraines, usually 2.5 to 75 mg. Unapproved/Off-Label/InvestigationalAmitriptyline may be prescribed for other conditions such as insomnia, migraine, rebound headache, chronic pain, chronic cough, postherpetic neuralgia (persistent pain following a shingles attack), carpal tunnel syndrome, fibromyalgia, vulvodynia, interstitial cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, neurological pain, and painful paresthesias related to multiple sclerosis and at low doses as a preventative (prophylaxis) for patients with frequent migraines.[2] Typically lower dosages are required for pain modification of 10 to 50 mg daily.[1] Amitriptyline in low doses is also sometimes prescribed to help ease the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. It is thought to help combat symptoms of insomnia primarily, in addition to other selected symptoms of the affliction. A randomized controlled trial published in June 2005 found that amitriptyline was effective in functional dyspepsia refractory to famotidine and mosapride combination therapy.[3] Side effectsCommon side effects of using amitriptyline are dry mouth, extreme weight gain, drowsiness, nervousness, dizziness, blurred vision and insomnia. Some rare side effects include tinnitus, hypotension, mania, psychosis, anticholinergic effects, heart block, arrhythmias, extrapyramidal symptoms, depression, and hepatic toxicity. OverdoseThe symptoms and the treatment of an overdose are largely the same as for the other tricyclic antidepressants.
References
Categories: Tricyclic antidepressants | Analgesics |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Amitriptyline". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |