To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser.
my.bionity.com
With an accout for my.bionity.com you can always see everything at a glance – and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter.
- My watch list
- My saved searches
- My saved topics
- My newsletter
Abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid (ABA), also known as abscisin II and dormin, is a plant hormone. It functions in many plant developmental processes, including abscission and bud dormancy. ABA-mediated signalling also plays an important part in plant responses to environmental stress and plant pathogens.[2][3] The plant genes for ABA biosynthesis and sequence of the pathway have been elucidated.[4][5] ABA is also produced by some plant pathogenic fungi via a biosynthetic route different from ABA biosynthesis in plants.[6] Additional recommended knowledgeAbscisic acid owes its names to its role in the abscission of plant leaves. In preparation for winter, ABA is produced in terminal buds.[citation needed] This slows plant growth and directs leaf primordia to develop scales to protect the dormant buds during the cold season. ABA also inhibits the division of cells in the vascular cambium, adjusting to cold conditions in the winter by suspending primary and secondary growth. Abscisic acid is also produced in the roots in response to decreased soil water potential and other situations in which the plant may be under stress. ABA then translocates to the leaves, where it rapidly alters the osmotic potential of stomatal guard cells, causing them to shrink and stomata to close. The ABA-induced stomatal closure reduces transpiration thus preventing further water loss from the leaves in times of low water availability. Several ABA mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants have been identified – both those deficient in ABA production and those insensitive to its action. ABA-deficient plants show defects in seed dormancy, germination, stomatal regulation and some mutants show stunted growth and brown/yellow leaves.[7] These mutants reflect the importance of ABA in seed germination and early embryo development. BiosynthesisAbscisic Acid (ABA) is an isoprenoid plant hormone, which is synthesized in the plastidal 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway; unlike the structurally related sesquiterpenes, which are formed from the mevalonic acid-derived precursor farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), the C15 backbone of ABA is formed after cleavage of C40 carotenoids in MEP. Zeaxanthin is the first committed ABA precursor; a series of enzyme-catalyzed epoxidations and isomerizations, and final cleavage of the C40 carotenoid by a dioxygenation reaction yields the proximal ABA precursor, xanthoxin, which is then further oxidized to ABA.[4]
Effects
References
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Abscisic_acid". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |