A. D. Gardner

Arthur Duncan Gardner (1884 - 1977) was a member of the team of Oxford University scientists who developed penicillin and was Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford from 1948 to 1954.

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He was educated at Rugby School, where he studied classics, before entering University College, Oxford University to study Law. Upon completing his degree, he rejected the family law practice to study Medicine. After failing his Surgical Registrarship, he turned to pathology and started to publish papers, with a brief interlude as a Red Cross Surgeon in WWI. From 1915 he worked as a bacteriologist in charge of the Standards council, Oxford and became a Fellow of University College.

In 1936 he then became Professor of Bacteriology under Howard Florey at the William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford. During this period he became involved in the Penicillin project where he studied the effects of penicillin against the microbes most troublesome to humans, along with Jena Orr-Ewing. He confirmed that penicillin was neither an enzyme, as previously thought, nor an antiseptic that killed them but that the microbes swelled and exploded or died without dividing.

Along with his longstanding position as Chairman of the Board of Faculty of Medicine, this prestigious project aided his appointment by King George VI as Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. Some skeptics pointed out his friendship with the Prime Minister of the time, Clement Attlee, who he met as an undergraduate at University College, as another reason.

He retired to Devon in 1956 and died, age 93, in 1977.